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美系可卡AKC标准译文
General Appearance
The Cocker Spaniel is the smallest member of the Sporting Group. He has a sturdy, compact body and a cleanly chiseled and refined head, with the overall dog in complete balance and of ideal size. He stands well up at the shoulder on straight forelegs with a topline sloping slightly toward strong, moderately bent, muscular quarters. He is a dog capable of considerable speed, combined with great endurance. Above all, he must be free and merry, sound, well balanced throughout and in action show a keen inclination to work. A dog well balanced in all parts is more desirable than a dog with strongly contrasting good points and faults.

总体外貌
可卡是运动犬组中最小的。他有强健、紧凑的身体和轮廓分明、优雅的头部,犬的整体有完美的平衡感和理想的尺寸。他直站时前腿笔直,肩部耸起,背线向强壮、略弯曲、肌肉发达的后躯略微下倾。可卡拥有相当可观的速度,并且有很好的耐力。最重要的是,可卡是自由的、欢快的、华丽的,在运动中显示出很好的平衡,并且表现出很强的工作欲望。一只各部分有很好平衡的犬远比一只优点和缺点都非常显著的犬要可取。

Size, Proportion, Substance
Size-- The ideal height at the withers for an adult dog is 15 inches and for an adult bitch, 14 inches. Height may vary one-half inch above or below this ideal. A dog whose height exceeds 15½ inches or a bitch whose height exceeds 14½ inches shall be disqualified. An adult dog whose height is less than 14½ inches and an adult bitch whose height is less than 13½ inches shall be penalized. Height is determined by a line perpendicular to the ground from the top of the shoulder blades, the dog standing naturally with its forelegs and lower hind legs parallel to the line of measurement. Proportion--The measurement from the breast bone to back of thigh is slightly longer than the measurement from the highest point of withers to the ground. The body must be of sufficient length to permit a straight and free stride; the dog never appears long and low.

尺寸、比例和骨骼
尺寸:一只成年公犬在马肩隆处的高度最理想应为15英寸,母犬14英寸,高度允许在上下1/2英寸的范围内浮动。一只成年公犬的身高超过15.5英寸,或一只成年母犬的身高高于14.4英寸均视为失格。一只成年公犬的身高如低于14.5英寸,或一只成年母犬的身高低于13.5英寸,应扣分。高度由从肩胛骨到地面的垂线决定,测量时犬应自然站立,前腿和略低的后腿平行于测量线。比例:从胸骨到大腿骨的后端就比马肩隆处的高度略长。身体必须有足够的长度以保证直而轻快的步态;犬不应有长而矮的体形。

Head
To attain a well proportioned head, which must be in balance with the rest of the dog, it embodies the following: Expression--The expression is intelligent, alert, soft and appealing. Eyes--Eyeballs are round and full and look directly forward. The shape of the eye rims gives a slightly almond shaped appearance; the eye is not weak or goggled. The color of the iris is dark brown and in general the darker the better. Ears--Lobular, long, of fine leather, well feathered, and placed no higher than a line to the lower part of the eye. Skull--Rounded but not exaggerated with no tendency toward flatness; the eyebrows are clearly defined with a pronounced stop. The bony structure beneath the eyes is well chiseled with no prominence in the cheeks. The muzzle is broad and deep, with square even jaws. To be in correct balance, the distance from the stop to the tip of the nose is one half the distance from the stop up over the crown to the base of the skull. Nose--of sufficient size to balance the muzzle and foreface, with well developed nostrils typical of a sporting dog. It is black in color in the blacks, black and tans, and black and whites; in other colors it may be brown, liver or black, the darker the better. The color of nose harmonizes with the color of the eye rim. Lips--The upper lip is full and of sufficient depth to cover the lower jaw. Teeth--Teeth strong and sound, not too small and meet in a scissors bite.

头部
一个比例均匀的头部(头部应与身体的其他部分保持平衡)应包括以下部分—表情:表情应是机智、警觉、温柔和动人的。眼睛:圆而饱满,直视前方。眼眶的形状使眼睛略呈杏仁状;眼睛无神或是瞪视;总体而言,虹膜应为深棕色,颜色越深越好。耳朵:小叶状,长,毛发丰富,耳根不高于眼睛的底部。头骨:圆,但不能过分夸张,不能有平坦的趋势;明显的额段使眉更加分明。眼部以下的骨骼结构轮廓分明,颊部没有突起。口吻部宽且深,上下颚方而平。为了保持正确的平衡,从额段到鼻尖的距离应是额段向上越过头顶到枕骨的距离的一半。鼻子:应有足够的尺寸与口吻部和前脸保持平衡,鼻孔发达,具有运动犬种的典型特征。黑色、黑白、黑棕色犬的鼻子应为黑色,其他颜色的犬可为棕色、肝棕色或黑色,颜色越深越好。鼻子的颜色应与眼眶协调。嘴唇:上唇丰厚,有足够的深度盖住下颚。牙齿:牙齿强壮,稳固,不能太小,应为剪状咬合。

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck--The neck is sufficiently long to allow the nose to reach the ground easily, muscular and free from pendulous "throatiness." It rises strongly from the shoulders and arches slightly as it tapers to join the head. Topline--sloping slightly toward muscular quarters. Body--The chest is deep, its lowest point no higher than the elbows, its front sufficiently wide for adequate heart and lung space, yet not so wide as to interfere with the straightforward movement of the forelegs. Ribs are deep and well sprung. Back is strong and sloping evenly and slightly downward from the shoulders to the set-on of the docked tail. The docked tail is set on and carried on a line with the topline of the back, or slightly higher; never straight up like a Terrier and never so low as to indicate timidity. When the dog is in motion the tail action is merry.

脖子、背线和身体
脖子:脖子应有足够的长度使犬的鼻子可以轻易地碰到地面,肌肉发达,咽喉以下的皮肤不能过分松驰下垂。脖颈从肩部升起,略拱,到与头部的联接处略微收细。背线:向强健的后躯略微地下倾。身体:胸深,最低点不高于肘部,身体前部有足够的宽度以容纳心和肺,但不能太宽以至影响前腿直向前的运动。肋笼深,曲率良好。背部强壮,从肩至尾根略下倾。截尾,尾部与背线保持很好的延续,平于背线或略高,但不能象梗类犬一样直竖,也不能太低,以使犬显得胆怯。犬运动时,尾部动作欢快。

Forequarters
The shoulders are well laid back forming an angle with the upper arm of approximately 90 degrees which permits the dog to move his forelegs in an easy manner with forward reach. Shoulders are clean-cut and sloping without protrusion and so set that the upper points of the withers are at an angle which permits a wide spring of rib. When viewed from the side with the forelegs vertical, the elbow is directly below the highest point of the shoulder blade. Forelegs are parallel, straight, strongly boned and muscular and set close to the body well under the scapulae. The pasterns are short and strong. Dewclaws on forelegs may be removed. Feet compact, large, round and firm with horny pads; they turn neither in nor out.

前躯
肩充分向后,与上臂差不约成90度,这样犬的前腿可以轻松地运动,向前跨出。肩轮廓分明,略倾,没有突起,马肩隆的尖端成一角度,以保证肋笼有足够的曲率。从侧面看,前腿垂直地面,肘部正好位于肩胛最高处的下面。前腿平行,直,骨骼强壮,肌肉发达,紧靠身体,位于肩胛的正下方。掌骨短而强壮。前腿伪趾可去除。足部紧凑,大而圆,足垫坚硬,足既不能向撇也不能向外撇。

Hindquarters
Hips are wide and quarters well rounded and muscular. When viewed from behind, the hind legs are parallel when in motion and at rest. The hind legs are strongly boned, and muscled with moderate angulation at the stifle and powerful, clearly defined thighs. The stifle is strong and there is no slippage of it in motion or when standing. The hocks are strong and well let down. Dewclaws on hind legs may be removed.

后躯
髋部宽,后部浑圆、强健。从后面看,后腿无论在静止或运动时均保持平行。后腿骨骼强半,肌肉发达,膝关节处角度适中,大腿骨有力,轮廓分明。膝关节强壮,无论在静止或运动状态均联接紧密,无滑移、松脱现象。踵强壮,位置低。后腿伪趾可去除。

Coat
On the head, short and fine; on the body, medium length, with enough undercoating to give protection. The ears, chest, abdomen and legs are well feathered, but not so excessively as to hide the Cocker Spaniel's true lines and movement or affect his appearance and function as a moderately coated sporting dog. The texture is most important. The coat is silky, flat or slightly wavy and of a texture which permits easy care. Excessive coat or curly or cottony textured coat shall be severely penalized. Use of electric clippers on the back coat is not desirable. Trimming to enhance the dog's true lines should be done to appear as natural as possible.

被毛
头部毛发短且细,身体上的毛发中等长度,有丰厚的底层背毛保护身体。耳朵、胸部、腹部及四肢毛发丰厚,但不能过度以至掩盖犬只的整体轮廓线,影响犬的运动、外观和作为一只毛发适量的运动犬的功能。毛发的质地很重要,可卡的毛发应是柔滑的,直或略呈波浪形,以便打理。毛发过量、弯曲过份或是棉花似的质地均应受严厉处罚。在背部用电剃刀剃毛是不可取的。为了加强犬的整体轮廓而作的毛发修剪应尽量自然。

Color and Markings
Black Variety--Solid color black to include black with tan points. The black should be jet; shadings of brown or liver in the coat are not desirable. A small amount of white on the chest and/or throat is allowed; white in any other location shall disqualify.
Any Solid Color Other than Black (ASCOB)--Any solid color other than black, ranging from lightest cream to darkest red, including brown and brown with tan points. The color shall be of a uniform shade, but lighter color of the feathering is permissible. A small amount of white on the chest and/or throat is allowed; white in any other location shall disqualify.
Parti-Color Variety--Two or more solid, well broken colors, one of which must be white; black and white, red and white (the red may range from lightest cream to darkest red), brown and white, and roans, to include any such color combination with tan points. It is preferable that the tan markings be located in the same pattern as for the tan points in the Black and ASCOB varieties. Roans are classified as parti-colors and may be of any of the usual roaning patterns. Primary color which is ninety percent (90%) or more shall disqualify.
Tan Points--The color of the tan may be from the lightest cream to the darkest red and is restricted to ten percent (10%) or less of the color of the specimen; tan markings in excess of that amount shall disqualify. In the case of tan points in the Black or ASCOB variety, the markings shall be located as follows:
1) A clear tan spot over each eye;
2) On the sides of the muzzle and on the cheeks;
3) On the underside of the ears;
4) On all feet and/or legs;
5) Under the tail;
6) On the chest, optional; presence or absence shall not be penalized.
Tan markings which are not readily visible or which amount only to traces, shall be penalized. Tan on the muzzle which extends upward, over and joins shall also be penalized. The absence of tan markings in the Black or ASCOB variety in any of the specified locations in any otherwise tan-pointed dog shall disqualify.

颜色和斑点
黑色:纯黑色,包括有棕色斑的黑色犬。黑色应为墨黑色;褐色或肝棕色的色泽是不可取的。允许胸部和咽喉处有少量白斑;其他任何部分出现白色斑均为失格。
除黑色以外的其他纯色(ASCOB):除黑色外的其他纯色犬,从最浅的乳酪色到最深的红色,包括褐色和有棕色斑的褐色犬。颜色应有统一的色泽,但修饰毛的色泽可略淡。胸部和咽喉部的少量白色斑是允许的,其他任何部分出现白色斑均为失格。
花色犬:有两种或两种以上的纯色,颜色区分明显;其中一种颜色必须是白色;黑白、红白(红色可在最淡的乳色到最深的红色间变化)、棕白以及杂色犬,包括以上颜色组合并有棕色斑点。棕色斑出现的部位与纯黑色犬或ASCOB一样较为理想。杂色斑犬被归类为花色犬,可以有常见的各种杂色斑点。主色占90%或以上视为失格。
棕色斑:棕色的变化范围可从最浅的乳酪色到最深的红色,棕色斑必须限制在10%以内,超过10%的视为失格。在纯黑色犬或ASCOB犬中,棕色斑就出现在以下部位:
1)双眼上清晰的色斑;
2)口吻部两侧和颊部;
3)耳朵内侧;
4)足或/和腿部;
5)尾巴下面;
6)胸部可以有棕色斑,有或没有都不会扣分。
棕色斑点如果不是清晰可见,或只有淡淡的痕迹,应扣分。口吻部的棕色斑如向下延伸或互相连接,也应扣分。纯黑色犬或ASCOB犬,其他有棕色斑的犬,棕色斑未出现在以上指定部位,为失格。

Gait
The Cocker Spaniel, though the smallest of the sporting dogs, possesses a typical sporting dog gait. Prerequisite to good movement is balance between the front and rear assemblies. He drives with strong, powerful rear quarters and is properly constructed in the shoulders and forelegs so that he can reach forward without constriction in a full stride to counterbalance the driving force from the rear. Above all, his gait is coordinated, smooth and effortless. The dog must cover ground with his action; excessive animation should not be mistaken for proper gait.

步态
可卡虽是运动犬组中最小的犬种,却有运动犬典型的步态。前后躯良好的平衡是保证步态良好的前提条件。可卡由强健有力的后躯推动,肩部和前腿构造合理,与后躯的驱动动协调,使犬可以自如地跨步向前。最重要的是,可卡的步态协调、流畅、自如。动作过大视为不正确的步态。

Temperament
Equable in temperament with no suggestion of timidity.

性格
性情温和不胆怯。

DISQUALIFICATIONS
Height--Males over 15½ inches; females over 14½ inches.
Color and Markings--The aforementioned colors are the only acceptable colors or combination of colors.
Any other colors or combination of colors to disqualify.
Black Variety--White markings except on chest and throat.
Any Solid Color Other Than Black Variety--White markings except on chest and throat.
Parti-color Variety--Primary color ninety percent (90%) or more.
Tan Points--(1) Tan markings in excess of ten percent (10%); (2) Absence of tan markings in Black or ASCOB Variety in any of the specified locations in an otherwise tan pointed dog.

失格
身高:公犬身高超过15.5英寸,母犬身高超过14.5英寸。
颜色与斑点:上述的颜色可颜色组合为唯一可接受的颜色。
其他的任何均颜色视为失格。
纯黑色犬:胸和咽喉部有白色斑,为失格。
除黑色以外的其他纯色犬:胸和咽喉部外的其他部位有白色斑,为失格。
花色犬:主色大于等于90%,为失格。
棕色斑:(1)棕色斑超过10%;(2)黑色或ASCOB犬,其他有棕色斑点的犬,在指定位置未出现棕色斑,为失格。

--

作人有太多痛苦,不如学我做猪。
2004-03-27 16:05:06   此文章已经被查看203次   
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