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重温美帝两个月前的贫论--【华盛顿时报】无法起降战机的中国航母.
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/26/inside-the-ring-chinas-aircraft-less-carrier/
翻译:山水之间
China celebrated the commissioning this week of its first aircraft carrier with blustering statements and warnings to neighbors in Asia that the warship will help China settle its numerous maritime disputes.
中国举行仪式庆祝其首艘航母“辽宁”号服役，并且警告其亚洲邻国称，这艘航母将会帮助中国解决其众多海上纠纷。
However, the aircraft carrier Liaoning has one major deficiency: No warplanes so far have been observed taking off from or landing on the ship — making its current utility as a strategic power projection tool questionable.
然而，“辽宁”号却存在一个重大缺陷：据观察迄今为止还没有一架战机从该航母上起飞或降落，这使得其目前作为战略力量投射工具受到质疑。
U.S. intelligence agencies for years closely watched the carrier, a refurbished Soviet-era vessel, during its 10 sea trials. To date, there are no photos showing aircraft taking off from or landing on its ski-jump deck.
几年来，在这艘翻新的苏联时期航母进行十次海试期间，美国情报机构一直在密切关注该航母的动向。迄今为止，还没有出现任何显示飞机从该航母的滑跳式甲板上起飞或降落的照片。
The closest the Chinese have come to an actual aircraft on board was a J-15 jet “mock-up” seen with wings folded on the deck during the ship’s ninth sea trial in July. It is believed the jet was placed on board by a crane.
而最近的真正飞机出现在该航母上的情况发生在今年7月这艘航母进行第九次海试期间，当时一架机翼处于折叠状态的歼-15战机模型现身该航母甲板之上。据信它是由起重机吊到甲板上的。
Intelligence agencies have spotted Chinese jets for years conducting short takeoffs and landings at an inland airfield.
But analysts so far do not believe the Chinese military has the expertise needed for aircraft operations from the carrier, something the U.S. Navy has specialized in for decades.
此外，美国情报机构还发现，数年时间里中国战机在一个内陆跑道上进行短距起飞与降落。然而，到目前为止分析家们依旧认为，中国军队还不具备从航母上起降飞机所需的专门技术，而这正是几十年来美国海军专攻的领域。
By contrast, U.S. carrier pilots are among the most skilled aviators in the world, and for decades have had the unique ability to conduct hundreds of takeoffs and landings on pitching warship decks in daylight, darkness and bad weather, according to observations by Inside the Ring after spending two nights aboard the USS George Washington in the Persian Gulf several years ago.
与中国飞行员不同，美国舰载机飞行员身处世界最熟练飞行员之列，拥有几十年在白天、黑夜以及恶劣天气中，在倾斜的战舰甲板上进行数百次起飞和降落的独特能力。比如数年前在海湾战争中的“乔治华盛顿”号。。。
China’s state-run press and vibrant Internet also failed to make any mention of the lack of warplanes on the prized carrier.
It is not known why the carrier lacks jets, and speculation has focused on the lack of carrier-modified aircraft and trained pilots for such operations. Another theory is that the Chinese air force and navy are so uncoordinated that they have not developed a carrier aviation capability.
The carrier could be used for attack helicopters, although none has been spotted on the ship.
中国国有媒体以及活跃的网络媒体都未提及这艘珍贵的“辽宁”号航母缺少战机一事。
目前尚不清楚该航母缺少舰载机的确切原因，相关的猜测集中在缺少根据航母改装的飞机以及开展这种行动的训练有素的飞行员上。此外，还有推测称中国空军与海军缺乏合作，致使他们没能发展舰基航空能力。“辽宁”号可能还会搭载攻击直升机，尽管尚未发现该型战机出现在其甲板上。
Chinese commentary has hailed the new carrier as an event on par with China’s first underground test of a nuclear weapon in 1964.“Nearly 100 years after the world’s first aircraft carrier was built, China, as the world’s second largest economy and most populous country, eventually has its own aircraft carrier,” the state-run Xinhua news agency said in a commentary, noting the Liaoning is a “landmark” for China’s military buildup.
中国人的评论将“辽宁”号航母服役，视为与1964年中国首次核武试验同等意义的事件。中国国有媒体新华社在一篇评论中指出：“在建造全球首艘航母近100年后，作为世界第二经济大国以及人口最多的国家，中国终于拥有了自己的航母。”该评论称“辽宁”号是中国军事建设的“里程碑”。
Following Beijing’s main propaganda theme that its arms buildup is peaceful, the commentary stated that “China will not join any arms race, pose a threat to other countries or exceed its national and economic strength to develop arms.”
“There is no need of panic about whether China has an aircraft carrier or how many aircraft carriers China has,” Xinhua said, without mentioning the lack of carrier jets.
继北京大力宣传其军事扩展是出于和平目的之后，这篇评论又表示：“中国不会参加任何军备竞赛，不会对其他国家构成威胁，不会在其国家与经济力量之外发展武器。”新华社称：“人们没有必要因中国是否拥有航母或者拥有几艘航母而恐慌。”而它并未提及该航母缺少舰载机一事。
A China Daily report on the carrier sounded a more threatening tone: “China should continue to modernize its military forces step by step, including the building of aircraft carriers. When China has a more balanced and powerful navy, the regional situation will be more stable as various forces that threaten regional peace will no longer dare to act rashly.”
《中国日报》有关该航母的一篇报道听起来更具威胁口吻：“中国应该继续逐步对其军队进行现代化，这其中包括建造航母。当中国拥有更为平衡、强大的海军后，该地区的局势将会变得更加稳定，因为威胁地区和平的各种力量将不敢轻率行动。”
China already is building its first domestic carrier at a shipyard near Shanghai and is expected to build at least two more, according to defense officials. “We expect China to build at least one indigenous carrier, probably two or more,” an official told Inside the Ring last year.
此外，据国防官员透露，中国已经开始在上海附近的一家造船厂建造其首艘国产航母。2011年时，一名官员便向“五角圈内”透露称：“我们认为中国至少会建造一艘国产航母，也有可能建造两艘或者更多。”
The Liaoning’s commander, Adm. Zhang Zheng, an English-speaking officer, told state television that pilots still need training for the ship and noted that the deck is short, thus requiring new safety procedures for aircraft.
“The aircraft carrier is the largest [ship] in the Chinese navy, and we don’t have enough experiences on running this type of ship,” Adm. Zheng said.
文章称，“辽宁”号航母舰长张峥大校曾告诉国家电视台，中国飞行员仍需要针对航母进行训练，而且他指出因为航母甲板短，所以还需要有关飞机的新安全程序。张峥指出：“该航母是中国海军最大的舰船，而我们尚不具备操控这类舰船的充足经验。”
Richard Fisher, a specialist on China’s military, said the only signs of aircraft operations are center-line skid marks that appear to have been made by rubber from jet tires, or possibly helicopters.
Other observers say the rubber marks could be a deception designed to fool intelligence agencies into thinking the carrier has tested or trained with jets.
美国智库“国际评估和战略中心”中国军事问题专家理查德·费舍尔表示，“辽宁”号航母上唯一的飞机操作迹象是中心线上滑行痕迹，这似乎是由喷气机轮胎的橡胶形成的（或着是直升机）。不过，其他观察家则认为，这些橡胶痕迹可能是一种烟雾弹，旨在欺骗美国情报机构，让它们认为“辽宁”号航母上已经进行了喷气机试验或训练。
“China is trying to compress what has been seven decades of aircraft carrier and carrier air wing development for the United States into one decade,” said Mr. Fisher of the International Assessment and Strategy Center.
Mr. Fisher said China already has proven former Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates wrong in his 2009 prediction that China will not field significant numbers of advanced jet fighters by 2025.
“China has also blown out of the water the Pentagon’s 2002 assessment that ‘China appears to have set aside indefinitely plans to acquire an aircraft carrier,’ ” he said.
费舍尔指出：“中国正试图将美国已进行70年的航母与舰载机联队发展，压缩为10年。”他表示，中国的发展已经证明，前美国防长罗伯特·盖茨于2009年做出的“2025年之前中国不会部署大量先进喷气战斗机”预测是错误的。费舍尔还补充称：“中国也推翻了五角大楼2002年的一项评估，即‘中国似乎已经无限期搁置了采购一艘航母的计划’。”
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2012-11-25 15:02:59
